Which of the following are identified as functions of management?

The identified functions of management include planning, organizing, directing, and following up. Planning refers to establishing objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve those objectives. Organizing involves assembling and coordinating the resources needed to implement the plan. Directing is about leading and motivating staff to carry out the plans effectively, ensuring that team members are aligned with organizational goals. Following up, or monitoring, involves assessing progress toward goals and ensuring that the organization stays on track.

This combination of functions captures the essential activities required to effectively manage an organization. Other options may include terms related to management, but they may not encompass the core functions as succinctly. For instance, while "controlling" and "budgeting" are valid managerial activities, they do not collectively represent the broad functions as clearly as the selected choice. Therefore, this grouping accurately reflects the foundational responsibilities of a manager in any organizational structure.