What is the definition of planning?

The definition of planning as a predetermined course of action highlights that planning involves setting specific goals and determining the necessary steps to achieve them. This structured approach enables individuals or organizations to allocate resources effectively, anticipate potential challenges, and create timelines for accomplishing tasks. By establishing a clear roadmap, planning creates a framework that guides decision-making and helps prioritize actions, ultimately leading to more efficient use of time and resources.

In contrast, the other options present different concepts. A spontaneous approach to tasks does not involve forethought or consideration of outcomes, which is contrary to the essence of planning. While a method for increasing productivity and a strategy for avoiding procrastination may involve planning indirectly, they do not capture the fundamental notion of establishing a structured, anticipated path toward achieving specific objectives. Therefore, defining planning as a predetermined course of action accurately encapsulates its purpose and function in both personal and professional settings.